27 定经

"诸比丘，你们应当修习无量定，要有智慧，要具念。诸比丘，当你们以智慧和正念修习无量定时，会自然生起五种智慧。是哪五种呢？

'这种定能带来现前的快乐，也会在未来带来快乐的果报'，这种智慧自然生起；

'这种定是圣者所修，无染著'，这种智慧自然生起；

'这种定不是凡夫所修'，这种智慧自然生起；

'这种定寂静、殊胜、平静安详、得一心境界，不是由压制而得'，这种智慧自然生起；

'我具念进入此定，具念出定'，这种智慧自然生起。

诸比丘，你们应当修习无量定，要有智慧，要具念。当你们以智慧和正念修习无量定时，这五种智慧会自然生起。"

28 五支经 

"诸比丘，我将为你们说明圣者五支正定的修习。你们要谛听，要好好作意，我将说法。"

"是的，世尊。"那些比丘回答世尊。世尊如是说：

"诸比丘，什么是圣者五支正定的修习？在此，比丘远离欲乐......（中略）证得初禅而住。他以离生喜乐遍满、浸透、充满、普遍整个身体，没有任何部分不被离生喜乐所浸透。

就像熟练的澡堂师或其徒弟，在铜盆中撒上沐浴粉，然后逐渐洒水揉搓，使沐浴球完全浸透水分，内外都被水分渗透，但又不会滴落。同样地，比丘以离生喜乐遍满、浸透、充满、普遍整个身体，没有任何部分不被离生喜乐所浸透。这是圣者五支正定的第一种修习。

再者，诸比丘，比丘止息寻伺......（中略）证得第二禅而住。他以定生喜乐遍满、浸透、充满、普遍整个身体，没有任何部分不被定生喜乐所浸透。

就像有一深潭，其水从地下涌出，既无东方入水口，也无西方入水口，无北方入水口，也无南方入水口，天亦不时降雨，但清凉的水流从潭底涌出，遍满、浸透、充满、普遍整个水潭，没有任何部分不被清凉的水所浸透。同样地，比丘以定生喜乐遍满、浸透、充满、普遍整个身体，没有任何部分不被定生喜乐所浸透。这是圣者五支正定的第二种修习。

再者，诸比丘，比丘离喜......（中略）证得第三禅而住。他以离喜之乐遍满、浸透、充满、普遍整个身体，没有任何部分不被离喜之乐所浸透。

就像在青莲池、红莲池或白莲池中，有些莲花生于水中、长于水中、不出水面，浸没在水下，从顶端到根部都被清凉的水所浸透、遍满、充满，没有任何部分不被清凉的水所浸透。同样地，比丘以离喜之乐遍满、浸透、充满、普遍整个身体，没有任何部分不被离喜之乐所浸透。这是圣者五支正定的第三种修习。

"再者，诸比丘，比丘舍断乐......（中略）证得第四禅而住。他以清净、明澈的心遍满全身而坐，没有任何部分不被清净、明澈的心所遍满。

就像有人以白布包裹全身包括头部而坐，没有任何身体部分不被白布所覆盖。同样地，比丘以清净、明澈的心遍满全身而坐，没有任何部分不被清净、明澈的心所遍满。这是圣者五支正定的第四种修习。

再者，诸比丘，比丘善取观察相，善作意，善忆持，以智慧善通达。就像一个人观察另一个人，站着的人观察坐着的人，或坐着的人观察躺着的人。同样地，比丘善取观察相，善作意，善忆持，以智慧善通达。这是圣者五支正定的第五种修习。

诸比丘，当比丘如此修习、多修习这圣者五支正定时，对于任何需要证知的法，只要他心向往证知，在适当的情况下就能亲身证得。

就像一个水瓶，装满水至边缘，乌鸦都能饮用，若有力士随意倾斜它，水会流出来吗？"

"是的，世尊。"

"同样地，当比丘如此修习、多修习这圣者五支正定时，对于任何需要证知的法，只要他心向往证知，在适当的情况下就能亲身证得。

就像在平地上有一个四方形的水池，堤岸坚固，装满水至边缘，乌鸦都能饮用，若有力士随意开启堤岸，水会流出来吗？"

"是的，世尊。"

"同样地，当比丘如此修习......（中略）在适当的情况下就能亲身证得。

"就像在平坦的地面上，有一辆配备好的战车，系着良驹，鞭子已备妥。善巧的调马师、驭者登上车后，左手执缰绳，右手持鞭，能随心所欲地驱车前进或后退。同样地，当比丘如此修习这圣者五支正定时，对于任何需要证知的法，只要他心向往证知，在适当的情况下就能亲身证得。

如果他希望：'愿我能体验种种神通：能由一身变多身，由多身合一身......乃至能以身自在行至梵天界'，在适当的情况下就能亲身证得。

如果他希望：'愿我能以清净超人的天耳，听闻人天两界的声音，无论远近'，在适当的情况下就能亲身证得。

如果他希望：'愿我能以心识知他人之心：有贪心知是有贪心，离贪心知是离贪心，有瞋心......离瞋心......有痴心......离痴心......收缩心......散乱心......广大心......不广大心......有上心......无上心......定心......不定心......解脱心......未解脱心知是未解脱心'，在适当的情况下就能亲身证得。

如果他希望：'愿我能忆念种种宿命：一生、二生......如是能忆念具种种相状、细节的宿命'，在适当的情况下就能亲身证得。

如果他希望：'愿我能以清净超人的天眼......（中略）了知众生随业流转'，在适当的情况下就能亲身证得。

如果他希望：'愿我能以诸漏已尽，于现法中自证无漏心解脱、慧解脱，并安住其中'，在适当的情况下就能亲身证得。"

这就是第八经。

巴利语原版经文

AN.5.27/ 7. Samādhisuttaṃ

　　 27. “Samādhiṃ, bhikkhave, bhāvetha appamāṇaṃ nipakā patissatā. Samādhiṃ, bhikkhave, bhāvayataṃ appamāṇaṃ nipakānaṃ patissatānaṃ pañca ñāṇāni paccattaññeva uppajjanti. Katamāni pañca? ‘Ayaṃ samādhi paccuppannasukho ceva āyatiñca sukhavipāko’ti paccattaññeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati, ‘ayaṃ samādhi ariyo nirāmiso’ti paccattaññeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati, ‘ayaṃ samādhi akāpurisasevito’ti paccattaññeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati, ‘ayaṃ samādhi santo paṇīto paṭippassaddhaladdho ekodibhāvādhigato, na saṅkhāraniggayhavāritagato’ti paccattaññeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati, ‘sato kho panāhaṃ imaṃ samāpajjāmi sato vuṭṭhahāmī’ti paccattaññeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati.

　　 “Samādhiṃ, bhikkhave, bhāvetha appamāṇaṃ nipakā patissatā. Samādhiṃ, bhikkhave, bhāvayataṃ appamāṇaṃ nipakānaṃ patissatānaṃ imāni pañca ñāṇāni paccattaññeva uppajjantī”ti. Sattamaṃ.

AN.5.28/ 8. Pañcaṅgikasuttaṃ

　　 28. “Ariyassa bhikkhave, pañcaṅgikassa sammāsamādhissa bhāvanaṃ desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmī”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca–

　　 “Katamā ca, bhikkhave, ariyassa pañcaṅgikassa sammāsamādhissa bhāvanā? Idha, bhikkhave bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi …pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So imameva kāyaṃ vivekajena pītisukhena abhisandeti parisandeti paripūreti parippharati; nāssa kiñci sabbāvato kāyassa vivekajena pītisukhena apphuṭaṃ hoti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho nhāpako vā nhāpakantevāsī vā kaṃsathāle nhānīyacuṇṇāni ākiritvā udakena paripphosakaṃ paripphosakaṃ sanneyya. Sāyaṃ nhānīyapiṇḍi snehānugatā snehaparetā santarabāhirā phuṭā snehena, na ca paggharinī. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ vivekajena pītisukhena abhisandeti parisandeti paripūreti parippharati; nāssa kiñci sabbāvato kāyassa vivekajena pītisukhena apphuṭaṃ hoti. Ariyassa, bhikkhave, pañcaṅgikassa sammāsamādhissa ayaṃ paṭhamā bhāvanā.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā …pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So imameva kāyaṃ samādhijena pītisukhena abhisandeti parisandeti paripūreti parippharati; nāssa kiñci sabbāvato kāyassa samādhijena pītisukhena apphuṭaṃ hoti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, udakarahado gambhīro ubbhidodako. Tassa nevassa puratthimāya disāya udakassa āyamukhaṃ, na pacchimāya disāya udakassa āyamukhaṃ, na uttarāya disāya udakassa āyamukhaṃ, na dakkhiṇāya disāya udakassa āyamukhaṃ, devo ca kālena kālaṃ sammā dhāraṃ nānuppaveccheyya. Atha kho tamhāva udakarahadā sītā vāridhārā ubbhijjitvā tameva udakarahadaṃ sītena vārinā abhisandeyya parisandeyya paripūreyya paripphareyya; nāssa kiñci sabbāvato udakarahadassa sītena vārinā apphuṭaṃ assa. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ samādhijena pītisukhena abhisandeti parisandeti paripūreti parippharati; nāssa kiñci sabbāvato kāyassa samādhijena pītisukhena apphuṭaṃ hoti. Ariyassa, bhikkhave, pañcaṅgikassa sammāsamādhissa ayaṃ dutiyā bhāvanā.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pītiyā ca virāgā …pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So imameva kāyaṃ nippītikena sukhena abhisandeti parisandeti paripūreti parippharati; nāssa kiñci sabbāvato kāyassa nippītikena sukhena apphuṭaṃ hoti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, uppaliniyaṃ vā paduminiyaṃ vā puṇḍarīkiniyaṃ vā appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṃvaḍḍhāni udakānuggatāni anto nimuggaposīni. Tāni yāva caggā yāva ca mūlā sītena vārinā abhisannāni parisannāni paripūrāni paripphuṭāni; nāssa kiñci sabbāvataṃ uppalānaṃ vā padumānaṃ vā puṇḍarīkānaṃ vā sītena vārinā apphuṭaṃ assa. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ nippītikena sukhena abhisandeti parisandeti paripūreti parippharati; nāssa kiñci sabbāvato kāyassa nippītikena sukhena apphuṭaṃ hoti. Ariyassa, bhikkhave, pañcaṅgikassa sammāsamādhissa ayaṃ tatiyā bhāvanā.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā …pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So imameva kāyaṃ parisuddhena cetasā pariyodātena pharitvā nisinno hoti; nāssa kiñci sabbāvato kāyassa parisuddhena cetasā pariyodātena apphuṭaṃ hoti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso odātena vatthena sasīsaṃ pārupitvā nisinno assa; nāssa kiñci sabbāvato kāyassa odātena vatthena apphuṭaṃ assa. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ parisuddhena cetasā pariyodātena pharitvā nisinno hoti; nāssa kiñci sabbāvato kāyassa parisuddhena cetasā pariyodātena apphuṭaṃ hoti. Ariyassa, bhikkhave, pañcaṅgikassa sammāsamādhissa ayaṃ catutthā bhāvanā.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno paccavekkhaṇānimittaṃ suggahitaṃ hoti sumanasikataṃ sūpadhāritaṃ suppaṭividdhaṃ paññāya. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, aññova aññaṃ paccavekkheyya, ṭhito vā nisinnaṃ paccavekkheyya, nisinno vā nipannaṃ paccavekkheyya. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno paccavekkhaṇānimittaṃ suggahitaṃ hoti sumanasikataṃ sūpadhāritaṃ suppaṭividdhaṃ paññāya. Ariyassa, bhikkhave, pañcaṅgikassa sammāsamādhissa ayaṃ pañcamā bhāvanā. Evaṃ bhāvite kho bhikkhave, bhikkhu ariye pañcaṅgike sammāsamādhimhi evaṃ bahulīkate yassa yassa abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyassa dhammassa cittaṃ abhininnāmeti abhiññāsacchikiriyāya, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇāti sati sati āyatane.

　　 “Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, udakamaṇiko ādhāre ṭhapito pūro udakassa samatittiko kākapeyyo Tamenaṃ balavā puriso yato yato āvajjeyya, āgaccheyya udakan”ti? “Evaṃ, bhante” “Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃ bhāvite ariye pañcaṅgike sammāsamādhimhi evaṃ bahulīkate yassa yassa abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyassa dhammassa cittaṃ abhininnāmeti abhiññāsacchikiriyāya, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇāti sati sati āyatane.

　　 “Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, same bhūmibhāge pokkharaṇī caturaṃsā ālibaddhā pūrā udakassa samatittikā kākapeyyā. Tamenaṃ balavā puriso yato yato āliṃ muñceyya, āgaccheyya udakan”ti? “Evaṃ, bhante”. “Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃ bhāvite ariye pañcaṅgike sammāsamādhimhi evaṃ bahulīkate yassa yassa abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyassa dhammassa …pe… sati sati āyatane.

　　 “Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, subhūmiyaṃ catumahāpathe ājaññaratho yutto assa ṭhito odhastapatodo Tamenaṃ dakkho yoggācariyo assadammasārathi abhiruhitvā vāmena hatthena rasmiyo gahetvā dakkhiṇena hatthena patodaṃ gahetvā yenicchakaṃ yadicchakaṃ sāreyyapi paccāsāreyyapi. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃ bhāvite ariye pañcaṅgike sammāsamādhimhi evaṃ bahulīkate yassa yassa abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyassa dhammassa cittaṃ abhininnāmeti abhiññāsacchikiriyāya, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇāti sati sati āyatane.

　　 “So sace ākaṅkhati– ‘anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhaveyyaṃ ekopi hutvā bahudhā assaṃ …pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteyyan’ti, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇāti sati sati āyatane.

　　 “So sace ākaṅkhati– ‘dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya ubho sadde suṇeyyaṃ– dibbe ca mānuse ca ye dūre santike cā’ti, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇāti sati sati āyatane.

　　 “So sace akaṅkhati– ‘parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajāneyyaṃ– sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ sarāgaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, vītarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ vītarāgaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, sadosaṃ vā cittaṃ… vītadosaṃ vā cittaṃ… samohaṃ vā cittaṃ… vītamohaṃ vā cittaṃ… saṃkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ… vikkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ… mahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ… amahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ… sa-uttaraṃ vā cittaṃ… anuttaraṃ vā cittaṃ… samāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ… asamāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ… vimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ… avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ avimuttaṃ cittanti pajāneyyan’ti, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇāti sati sati āyatane.

　　 “So sace ākaṅkhati– ‘anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussareyyaṃ, seyyathidaṃ– ekampi jātiṃ, dvepi jātiyo …pe… iti sākāraṃ sa-uddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussareyyan’ti, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇāti sati sati āyatane.

　　 “So sace ākaṅkhati– ‘dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena …pe… yathākammūpage satte pajāneyyan’ti, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇāti sati sati āyatane.

　　 “So sace ākaṅkhati– ‘āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihareyyan’ti, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇāti sati sati āyatane”ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.