相应部19相应1经到6经 骨骼经,肉块经,肉团经,无皮者经,刀毛者经,矛毛者经
第十九相应·勒叉那相应
第一品
1 骨骼经
我这样听闻:一时,世尊住在王舍城的竹林迦兰陀园。那时,尊者罗睺罗和尊者大目犍连住在灵鹫山。清晨,尊者大目犍连着衣持钵,前往尊者罗睺罗处,说道:“贤友罗睺罗,我们一起去王舍城乞食吧。”尊者罗睺罗回应尊者大目犍连:“好的,贤友。”
于是,尊者大目犍连从灵鹫山下山时,在某处突然微笑。尊者罗睺罗便问:“贤友目犍连,是什么因缘让您突然微笑呢?”目犍连回答:“贤友罗睺罗,现在问这个问题不合时宜。等到了世尊面前,您再问这个问题吧。”
随后,尊者罗睺罗和尊者大目犍连在王舍城乞食完毕,食后返回,来到世尊所在处。顶礼世尊后,他们坐在一旁。坐定后,尊者罗睺罗对尊者大目犍连说:“刚才尊者大目犍连从灵鹫山下山时,在某处突然微笑。贤友目犍连,是什么因缘让您突然微笑呢?”
目犍连回答:“贤友,我从灵鹫山下山时,看见一副骨骸在空中飞行。秃鹫、乌鸦、老鹰追逐着它,用嘴啄咬它的肋骨间隙,撕扯它,它因此发出痛苦的哀嚎声。贤友,我当时心想:‘真是稀有啊,真是未曾有啊!竟然有这样的众生,有这样的夜叉,有这样的生命形态!’”
这时,世尊告诉比丘们:“比丘们,有慧眼的弟子们住于世,有智慧的弟子们住于世,因为弟子能知、能见、能作证这样的事情。比丘们,我早已见过这个众生,但我没有说明。如果我说明,其他人可能不会相信我,那将对他们长久有害、有苦。比丘们,这个众生过去就在这王舍城是一名屠牛者。他因那个业报,在多年、百千年、百千万年中在地狱受苦,现在又因那个业报的残余,感受这样的生命形态。”(所有经文的重复部分均按此例)。第一经终。
2 肉块经
“贤友,我从灵鹫山下山时,看见一块肉在空中飞行。秃鹫、乌鸦、老鹰追逐着它,撕扯它,它因此发出痛苦的哀嚎声……比丘们,这个众生过去就在这王舍城是一名屠牛者……”第二经终。
3 肉团经
“贤友,我从灵鹫山下山时,看见一团肉在空中飞行。秃鹫、乌鸦、老鹰追逐着它,撕扯它,它因此发出痛苦的哀嚎声……比丘们,这个众生过去就在这王舍城是一名捕鸟者……”第三经终。
4 无皮者经
“贤友,我从灵鹫山下山时,看见一个无皮的人在空中飞行。秃鹫、乌鸦、老鹰追逐着他,撕扯他,他因此发出痛苦的哀嚎声……比丘们,这个众生过去就在这王舍城是一名屠羊者……”第四经终。
5 刀毛者经
“贤友,我从灵鹫山下山时,看见一个身上长满刀毛的人在空中飞行。那些刀不断飞起后又落回他身上,他因此发出痛苦的哀嚎声……比丘们,这个众生过去就在这王舍城是一名屠猪者……”第五经终。
6 矛毛者经
“贤友,我从灵鹫山下山时,看见一个身上长满矛毛的人在空中飞行。那些矛不断飞起后又落回他身上,他因此发出痛苦的哀嚎声……比丘们,这个众生过去就在这王舍城是一名猎鹿者……”第六经终。
核心教义总结
这六经通过目犍连尊者目睹的六种恐怖景象,阐述了佛教核心业报思想:
1. 业力不虚:每个众生都在承受自己过去行为(业)的果报
2. 业报具体:不同职业的杀生者承受着与其行为相对应的痛苦形态
3. 业力持久:恶业带来的痛苦会持续极长时间
4. 佛陀的慈悲:佛陀深知凡夫难以信受如此严厉的业果道理,故不轻易开示
这些经典警示人们应当远离杀生等恶业,以免遭受类似的痛苦果报。
巴利语原版经文
19.(8). Lakkhaṇasaṃyuttaṃ
1. Paṭhamavaggo
1/(1). Aṭṭhisuttaṃ
202. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ca lakkhaṇo āyasmā ca mahāmoggallāno gijjhakūṭe pabbate viharanti. Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yenāyasmā lakkhaṇo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ etadavoca– “āyāmāvuso lakkhaṇa, rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya pavisissāmā”ti. “Evamāvuso”ti kho āyasmā lakkhaṇo āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa paccassosi. Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto aññatarasmiṃ padese sitaṃ pātvākāsi. Atha kho āyasmā lakkhaṇo āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ etadavoca– “ko nu kho, āvuso moggallāna, hetu ko paccayo sitassa pātukammāyā”ti? “Akālo kho, āvuso lakkhaṇa, etassa pañhassa. Bhagavato maṃ santike etaṃ pañhaṃ pucchā”ti.
Atha kho āyasmā ca lakkhaṇo āyasmā ca mahāmoggallāno rājagahe piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā lakkhaṇo āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ etadavoca– “idhāyasmā mahāmoggallāno gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto aññatarasmiṃ padese sitaṃ pātvākāsi. Ko nu kho, āvuso moggallāna, hetu ko paccayo sitassa pātukammāyā”ti?
“Idhāhaṃ, āvuso, gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto addasaṃ aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantiṃ. Tamenaṃ gijjhāpi kākāpi kulalāpi anupatitvā anupatitvā phāsuḷantarikāhi vitudenti vitacchenti virājenti. Sā sudaṃ aṭṭassaraṃ karoti. Tassa mayhaṃ, āvuso, etadahosi– ‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho! Evarūpopi nāma satto bhavissati! Evarūpopi nāma yakkho bhavissati! Evarūpopi nāma attabhāvapaṭilābho bhavissatī’”ti!!
Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “cakkhubhūtā vata, bhikkhave, sāvakā viharanti; ñāṇabhūtā vata, bhikkhave, sāvakā viharanti, yatra hi nāma sāvako evarūpaṃ ñassati vā dakkhati vā sakkhiṃ vā karissati. Pubbeva me so, bhikkhave, satto diṭṭho ahosi, api cāhaṃ na byākāsiṃ. Ahañcetaṃ byākareyyaṃ, pare ca me na saddaheyyuṃ. Ye me na saddaheyyuṃ, tesaṃ taṃ assa dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya. Eso, bhikkhave, satto imasmiṃyeva rājagahe goghātako ahosi. So tassa kammassa vipākena bahūni vassāni bahūni vassasatāni bahūni vassasahassāni bahūni vassasatasahassāni niraye paccitvā tasseva kammassa vipākāvasesena evarūpaṃ attabhāvapaṭilābhaṃ paṭisaṃvedayatī”ti. (sabbesaṃ suttantānaṃ eseva peyyālo). Paṭhamaṃ.
2/(2). Pesisuttaṃ
203. “Idhāhaṃ, āvuso, gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto addasaṃ maṃsapesiṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantiṃ. Tamenaṃ gijjhāpi kākāpi kulalāpi anupatitvā anupatitvā vitacchenti virājenti. Sā sudaṃ aṭṭassaraṃ karoti …pe… eso, bhikkhave, satto imasmiṃyeva rājagahe goghātako ahosi …pe…. Dutiyaṃ.
3/(3). Piṇḍasuttaṃ
204. “Idhāhaṃ, āvuso, gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto addasaṃ maṃsapiṇḍaṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantaṃ. Tamenaṃ gijjhāpi kākāpi kulalāpi anupatitvā anupatitvā vitacchenti virājenti Sā sudaṃ aṭṭassaraṃ karoti …pe… eso, bhikkhave, satto imasmiṃyeva rājagahe sākuṇiko ahosi …pe…. Tatiyaṃ.
4/(4). Nicchavisuttaṃ
205. “Idhāhaṃ āvuso, gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto addasaṃ nicchaviṃ purisaṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantaṃ. Tamenaṃ gijjhāpi kākāpi kulalāpi anupatitvā anupatitvā vitacchenti virājenti. So sudaṃ aṭṭassaraṃ karoti …pe… eso, bhikkhave, satto imasmiṃyeva rājagahe orabbhiko ahosi …pe…. Catutthaṃ.
5/(5). Asilomasuttaṃ
206. “Idhāhaṃ āvuso, gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto addasaṃ asilomaṃ purisaṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantaṃ. Tassa te asī uppatitvā uppatitvā tasseva kāye nipatanti. So sudaṃ aṭṭassaraṃ karoti …pe… eso, bhikkhave, satto imasmiṃyeva rājagahe sūkariko ahosi …pe…. Pañcamaṃ.
6/(6). Sattisuttaṃ
207. “Idhāhaṃ, āvuso, gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto addasaṃ sattilomaṃ purisaṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantaṃ. Tassa tā sattiyo uppatitvā uppatitvā tasseva kāye nipatanti. So sudaṃ aṭṭassaraṃ karoti …pe… eso, bhikkhave, satto imasmiṃyeva rājagahe māgaviko ahosi …pe…. Chaṭṭhaṃ.