相应部16相应10经到11经 (因缘相应/因缘篇/修多罗)

第10经 住处经

如是我闻：一时，大迦叶尊者住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时，阿难尊者在上午时分，着衣持钵，来到大迦叶尊者处，到达后对大迦叶尊者说："尊者迦叶，让我们一起去某比丘尼住处吧。"（迦叶回答）："阿难贤友，你去吧，你有许多事务要处理。"阿难尊者第二次对大迦叶尊者说："尊者迦叶，让我们一起去某比丘尼住处吧。"（迦叶又说）："阿难贤友，你去吧，你有许多事务要处理。"阿难尊者第三次对大迦叶尊者说："尊者迦叶，让我们一起去某比丘尼住处吧。"

于是大迦叶尊者在上午时分，着衣持钵，与随后而来的阿难尊者一起去往某比丘尼住处。到达后，坐在准备好的座位上。这时，众多比丘尼来到大迦叶尊者处，礼敬后坐在一旁。大迦叶尊者以法语开示、教导、鼓励、令她们欢喜。之后，大迦叶尊者从座位起身离去。

这时，偷罗低沙比丘尼不悦，说出不满的话："为什么大迦叶尊者认为可以在毗提诃牟尼阿难尊者面前说法呢？就像针贩子想在针匠面前卖针一样，大迦叶尊者竟然认为可以在毗提诃牟尼阿难尊者面前说法。"

大迦叶尊者听到了偷罗低沙比丘尼说这话。于是对阿难尊者说："阿难贤友，究竟是我是针贩子而你是针匠，还是我是针匠而你是针贩子？""请原谅，尊者迦叶，女人愚昧。""且慢，阿难贤友，别让僧团进一步调查你。"

"阿难贤友，你认为如何，世尊曾否在比丘僧团面前说：'诸比丘，我随意欲时，离欲、离不善法，有寻有伺，离生喜乐，证得初禅而住。阿难也是如此'？""不是的，尊者。"

"贤友，我确实在世尊面前的比丘僧团中被提及：'诸比丘，我随意欲时，离欲、离不善法，有寻有伺，离生喜乐，证得初禅而住。迦叶也是如此。'（以下详述九次第定和五神通的内容）"

"阿难贤友，你认为如何，世尊曾否在比丘僧团面前说：'诸比丘，我已灭尽诸漏，无漏心解脱、慧解脱，于现法中自知自证具足而住。阿难也是如此'？""不是的，尊者。"

"贤友，我确实在世尊面前的比丘僧团中被提及：'诸比丘，我已灭尽诸漏，无漏心解脱、慧解脱，于现法中自知自证具足而住。迦叶也是如此。'"

"贤友，就像想用棕榈叶遮盖七或七个半拉塔那高的大象，谁想遮盖我的六神通也是如此（意即不可能）。"

而那偷罗低沙比丘尼则退失了梵行。（经文完）

这是第十经。

第11经 衣服经 

一时，大迦叶尊者住在王舍城竹林栖鸟处。那时，阿难尊者与大比丘众一起在南山游行。

当时，阿难尊者的大约三十位同住比丘放弃学处，还俗回到低劣生活，他们大多是年轻人。后来，阿难尊者在南山随意游行后，来到王舍城竹林栖鸟处，去见大迦叶尊者。到达后，向大迦叶尊者致敬，坐在一旁。大迦叶尊者对坐在一旁的阿难尊者说："阿难贤友，世尊制定在俗家三人食的规定是基于几个理由（比丘在俗家（非寺院）用餐时，一组不能超过三人）？"

"迦叶尊者，世尊制定在俗家三人食是基于三个理由：为了制止恶人，为了善良比丘安乐住，为了防止恶欲之人依附派系分裂僧团，也为了怜悯俗家。迦叶尊者，这就是世尊制定在俗家三人食的三个理由。"

"那么，阿难贤友，你为什么与这些新学比丘一起游行呢？他们不守护根门，饮食不知节制，不修习警寤。你这是在毁坏农作，毁坏俗家。阿难贤友，你的僧团在崩溃，你的新学比丘在堕落。这个年轻人不知分寸！"

"迦叶尊者，我头上已生白发，但今天仍然摆脱不了被尊者称作年轻人。""因为你与这些新学比丘一起游行，他们不守护根门，饮食不知节制，不修习警寤。你这是在毁坏农作，毁坏俗家。你的僧团在崩溃，你的新学比丘在堕落。这个年轻人不知分寸！"

粗难陀比丘尼听说："大迦叶尊者以年轻人之说呵责毗提诃牟尼阿难尊者。"

于是粗难陀比丘尼不悦，说出不悦之语："为什么大迦叶尊者这个前外道教徒，认为可以用年轻人之说呵责毗提诃牟尼阿难尊者？"大迦叶尊者听到了粗难陀比丘尼说这话。

于是大迦叶尊者对阿难尊者说："阿难贤友，粗难陀比丘尼确实说了轻率未经思考的话。贤友，自从我剃除须发，披上袈裟，从在家出家以来，我不承认除了世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者之外还有其他导师。贤友，当我还是在家人时，我想：'在家生活局促如牢笼，是尘垢之道；出家则如空旷处。在家住者难以完全圆满、完全清净地实践如贝壳般光洁的梵行。我应当剃除须发，披上袈裟，从在家出家。'

贤友，后来我用粗布制作僧伽梨衣，为了追随世间的阿罗汉们，剃除须发，披上袈裟，从在家出家。

出家后，我在路上行走时，在王舍城和那烂陀之间的多子塔看见世尊坐在那里。看见后，我想：'愿我能见到导师，这就是世尊；愿我能见到善逝，这就是世尊；愿我能见到正等正觉者，这就是世尊。'贤友，我立即以头面礼世尊足，对世尊说：'世尊是我的导师，我是弟子；世尊是我的导师，我是弟子。'

贤友，我说了这话后，世尊对我说：'迦叶，如果有人不知而说知，不见而说见，对如此全心全意的弟子，他的头会破裂。但是，迦叶，我确实知道才说知，确实看见才说看见。'

'因此，迦叶，你应当这样学习：我将对长老、新学、中间的比丘们保持强烈的惭愧心。'迦叶，你应当这样学习。

'因此，迦叶，你应当这样学习：对于任何与善法有关的教法，我都要专注倾听，全神贯注，用心记住。'迦叶，你应当这样学习。

'因此，迦叶，你应当这样学习：我的身念应当常伴随着喜悦。'迦叶，你应当这样学习。"

"贤友，世尊给我这些教导后，就从座位起身离开了。贤友，我只用了七天时间作为有依赖者受用国土的食物，到第八天就证得了究竟智。

贤友，那时世尊离开大道，走向一棵树下。贤友，我把粗布僧伽梨衣折叠四层铺好，对世尊说：'世尊请坐在这里，这将长久有益于我的利益和安乐。'贤友，世尊坐在准备好的座位上。坐下后，世尊对我说：'迦叶，你的这件粗布僧伽梨衣很柔软。''世尊，请接受我的粗布僧伽梨衣，出于慈悲。''那么，迦叶，你愿意穿我这粗麻的粪扫衣吗？''世尊，我愿意穿世尊的粗麻粪扫衣。'贤友，于是我把粗布僧伽梨衣给了世尊，我则接受了世尊的粗麻粪扫衣。

贤友，如果有人正确地说：'他是世尊之子，从口生，从法生，由法造，是法的继承者，接受了粗麻粪扫衣'，那就是在正确地说我：'他是世尊之子，从口生，从法生，由法造，是法的继承者，接受了粗麻粪扫衣。'

贤友，我随意可以离开欲望，离开不善法，有寻有伺，具有由离生起的喜乐，进入初禅而住。贤友，我随意可以...（应知这里详述九次第定和五神通）。

贤友，我已经通过漏尽，在现法中自知自证，进入并安住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱。贤友，如果有人想用芭蕉叶遮盖七肘或七肘半高的象，那就像想遮盖我的六神通一样。"

而那粗难陀比丘尼则从梵行中退失了。

第十一经完。

巴利语原版经文

SN.16.10. Upassayasuttaṃ

　　 153. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā mahākassapo sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā ānando pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca– “āyāma, bhante kassapa, yena aññataro bhikkhunupassayo tenupasaṅkamissāmā”ti. “Gaccha tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, bahukicco tvaṃ bahukaraṇīyo”ti. Dutiyampi kho āyasmā ānando āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca– “āyāma, bhante kassapa, yena aññataro bhikkhunupassayo tenupasaṅkamissāmā”ti. “Gaccha tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, bahukicco tvaṃ bahukaraṇīyo”ti. Tatiyampi kho āyasmā ānando āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca– “āyāma, bhante kassapa, yena aññataro bhikkhunupassayo tenupasaṅkamissāmā”ti.

　　 Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya āyasmatā ānandena pacchāsamaṇena yena aññataro bhikkhunupassayo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhuniyo yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho tā bhikkhuniyo āyasmā mahākassapo dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo tā bhikkhuniyo dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.

　　 Atha kho thullatissā bhikkhunī anattamanā anattamanavācaṃ nicchāresi– “kiṃ pana ayyo mahākassapo, ayyassa ānandassa vedehamunino sammukhā dhammaṃ bhāsitabbaṃ maññati? Seyyathāpi nāma sūcivāṇijako sūcikārassa santike sūciṃ vikketabbaṃ maññeyya; evameva ayyo mahākassapo ayyassa ānandassa vedehamunino sammukhā dhammaṃ bhāsitabbaṃ maññatī”ti.

　　 Assosi kho āyasmā mahākassapo thullatissāya bhikkhuniyā imaṃ vācaṃ bhāsamānāya. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca– “kiṃ nu kho, āvuso ānanda, ahaṃ sūcivāṇijako, tvaṃ sūcikāro; udāhu ahaṃ sūcikāro, tvaṃ sūcivāṇijako”ti? “Khama bhante kassapa, bālo mātugāmo”ti. “Āgamehi tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, mā te saṅgho uttari upaparikkhi”.

　　 “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, āvuso ānanda, api nu tvaṃ bhagavato sammukhā bhikkhusaṅghe upanīto – ‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Ānandopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatī’”ti? “No hetaṃ, bhante”.

　　 “Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, bhagavato sammukhā bhikkhusaṅghe upanīto– ‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi …pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatī’ti …pe… (navannaṃ anupubbavihārasamāpattīnaṃ pañcannañca abhiññānaṃ evaṃ vitthāro veditabbo.)

　　 “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, āvuso ānanda, api nu tvaṃ bhagavato sammukhā bhikkhusaṅghe upanīto– ‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmi. Ānandopi, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’”ti? “No hetaṃ, bhante”.

　　 “Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, bhagavato sammukhā bhikkhusaṅghe upanīto– ‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’”ti.

　　 “Sattaratanaṃ vā, āvuso, nāgaṃ aḍḍhaṭṭhamaratanaṃ vā tālapattikāya chādetabbaṃ maññeyya, yo me cha abhiññā chādetabbaṃ maññeyyā”ti.

　　 Cavittha ca pana thullatissā bhikkhunī brahmacariyamhāti. Dasamaṃ.

SN.16.11. Cīvarasuttaṃ

　　 154. Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā mahākassapo rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ānando dakkhiṇagirismiṃ cārikaṃ carati mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ.

　　 Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato ānandassa tiṃsamattā saddhivihārino bhikkhū sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattā bhavanti yebhuyyena kumārabhūtā. Atha kho āyasmā ānando dakkhiṇagirismiṃ yathābhirantaṃ cārikaṃ caritvā yena rājagahaṃ veḷuvanaṃ kalandakanivāpo yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āyasmā mahākassapo etadavoca– “kati nu kho, āvuso ānanda, atthavase paṭicca bhagavatā kulesu tikabhojanaṃ paññattan”ti?

　　 “Tayo kho, bhante kassapa, atthavase paṭicca bhagavatā kulesu tikabhojanaṃ paññattaṃ– dummaṅkūnaṃ puggalānaṃ niggahāya pesalānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ phāsuvihārāya, mā pāpicchā pakkhaṃ nissāya saṅghaṃ bhindeyyuṃ, kulānuddayatāya ca. Ime kho, bhante kassapa, tayo atthavase paṭicca bhagavatā kulesu tikabhojanaṃ paññattan”ti.

　　 “Atha kiñcarahi tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, imehi navehi bhikkhūhi indriyesu aguttadvārehi bhojane amattaññūhi jāgariyaṃ ananuyuttehi saddhiṃ cārikaṃ carasi? Sassaghātaṃ maññe carasi, kulūpaghātaṃ maññe carasi. Olujjati kho te, āvuso ānanda, parisā; palujjanti kho te, āvuso, navappāyā. Na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī”ti.

　　 “Api me, bhante kassapa, sirasmiṃ palitāni jātāni. Atha ca pana mayaṃ ajjāpi āyasmato mahākassapassa kumārakavādā na muccāmā”ti. “Tathā hi pana tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, imehi navehi bhikkhūhi indriyesu aguttadvārehi bhojane amattaññūhi jāgariyaṃ ananuyuttehi saddhiṃ cārikaṃ carasi, sassaghātaṃ maññe carasi, kulūpaghātaṃ maññe carasi. Olujjati kho te, āvuso ānanda, parisā; palujjanti kho te, āvuso, navappāyā. Na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī”ti.

　　 Assosi kho thullanandā bhikkhunī– “ayyena kira mahākassapena ayyo ānando vedehamuni kumārakavādena apasādito”ti.

　　 Atha kho thullanandā bhikkhunī anattamanā anattamanavācaṃ nicchāresi– “kiṃ pana ayyo mahākassapo aññatitthiyapubbo samāno ayyaṃ ānandaṃ vedehamuniṃ kumārakavādena apasādetabbaṃ maññatī”ti! Assosi kho āyasmā mahākassapo thullanandāya bhikkhuniyā imaṃ vācaṃ bhāsamānāya.

　　 Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca– “tagghāvuso ānanda, thullanandāya bhikkhuniyā sahasā appaṭisaṅkhā vācā bhāsitā. Yatvāhaṃ, āvuso, kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito, nābhijānāmi aññaṃ satthāraṃ uddisitā, aññatra tena bhagavatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena. Pubbe me, āvuso, agārikabhūtassa sato etadahosi– ‘sambādho gharāvāso rajāpatho, abbhokāso pabbajjā. Nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyyan’ti. So khvāhaṃ, āvuso, aparena samayena paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ kāretvā ye loke arahanto te uddissa kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajiṃ.

　　 So evaṃ pabbajito samāno addhānamaggappaṭipanno addasaṃ bhagavantaṃ antarā ca rājagahaṃ antarā ca nāḷandaṃ bahuputte cetiye nisinnaṃ. Disvāna me etadahosi– ‘satthārañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ, bhagavantameva passeyyaṃ; sugatañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ, bhagavantameva passeyyaṃ; sammāsambuddhañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ; bhagavantameva passeyyan’ti. So khvāhaṃ, āvuso, tattheva bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocaṃ– ‘satthā me, bhante, bhagavā, sāvakohamasmi; satthā me, bhante, bhagavā, sāvakohamasmī’ti Evaṃ vutte maṃ, āvuso, bhagavā etadavoca– ‘yo kho, kassapa, evaṃ sabbacetasā samannāgataṃ sāvakaṃ ajānaññeva vadeyya jānāmīti, apassaññeva vadeyya passāmīti, muddhāpi tassa vipateyya. Ahaṃ kho pana, kassapa, jānaññeva vadāmi jānāmīti, passaññeva vadāmi passāmī’ti.

　　 Tasmātiha te, kassapa, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ– ‘tibbaṃ me hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ bhavissati theresu navesu majjhimesū’ti. Evañhi te, kassapa, sikkhitabbaṃ.

　　 Tasmātiha te, kassapa, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ– ‘yaṃ kiñci dhammaṃ suṇissāmi kusalūpasaṃhitaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ aṭṭhiṃ katvā manasi karitvā sabbacetasā samannāharitvā ohitasoto dhammaṃ suṇissāmī’ti. Evañhi te, kassapa, sikkhitabbaṃ.

　　 Tasmātiha te, kassapa, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ– ‘sātasahagatā ca me kāyagatāsati na vijahissatī’ti. Evañhi te, kassapa, sikkhitabbanti.

　　 “Atha kho maṃ, āvuso, bhagavā iminā ovādena ovaditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Sattāhameva khvāhaṃ, āvuso, saraṇo raṭṭhapiṇḍaṃ bhuñjiṃ”. Aṭṭhamiyā aññā udapādi.

　　 “Atha kho, āvuso, bhagavā maggā okkamma yena aññataraṃ rukkhamūlaṃ tenupasaṅkami. Atha khvāhaṃ, āvuso, paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ catugguṇaṃ paññapetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocaṃ– ‘idha, bhante, bhagavā nisīdatu, yaṃ mamassa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’ti. Nisīdi kho, āvuso, bhagavā paññatte āsane. Nisajja kho maṃ, āvuso, bhagavā etadavoca– ‘mudukā kho tyāyaṃ, kassapa, paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭī’ti. ‘Paṭiggaṇhātu me, bhante, bhagavā paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ anukampaṃ upādāyā’ti. ‘Dhāressasi pana me tvaṃ, kassapa, sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’ti. ‘Dhāressāmahaṃ, bhante, bhagavato sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’ti. “So khvāhaṃ, āvuso, paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ bhagavato pādāsiṃ. Ahaṃ pana bhagavato sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanāni paṭipajjiṃ”.

　　 “Yañhi taṃ, āvuso, sammā vadamāno vadeyya– ‘bhagavato putto oraso mukhato jāto dhammajo dhammanimmito dhammadāyādo, paṭiggahitāni sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’ti, mamaṃ taṃ sammā vadamāno vadeyya– ‘bhagavato putto oraso mukhato jāto dhammajo dhammanimmito dhammadāyādo, paṭiggahitāni sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’”ti.

　　 “Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi …pe… (navannaṃ anupubbavihārasamāpattinaṃ pañcannañca abhiññānaṃ evaṃ vitthāro veditabbo)

　　 “Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmi; sattaratanaṃ vā, āvuso, nāgaṃ aḍḍhaṭṭhamaratanaṃ vā tālapattikāya chādetabbaṃ maññeyya, yo me cha abhiññā chādetabbaṃ maññeyyā”ti.

　　 Cavittha ca pana thullanandā bhikkhunī brahmacariyamhāti. Ekādasamaṃ.