增支部4集61经到63经

应得业品

61 应得业经

这时,给孤独长者来到世尊处。来到后,向世尊礼拜,然后坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的给孤独长者说:

"居士,有四种法是世间所喜爱、可意、适意但难得的。哪四种?

'愿我以正当方法获得财富',这是第一种世间所喜爱、可意、适意但难得的法。

'获得财富后,愿我与亲属和师长一起获得名声',这是第二种世间所喜爱、可意、适意但难得的法。

'获得财富和名声后,愿我与亲属和师长一起长寿',这是第三种世间所喜爱、可意、适意但难得的法。

'获得财富和名声,长寿之后,愿我身坏命终后往生善趣天界',这是第四种世间所喜爱、可意、适意但难得的法。

居士,这就是世间所喜爱、可意、适意但难得的四种法。

居士,为了获得这四种世间所喜爱、可意、适意但难得的法,有四种法可以帮助。哪四种?信满足、戒满足、舍满足、慧满足。

什么是信满足?居士,在此,圣弟子有信心,相信如来的觉悟:'世尊是阿罗汉、正等正觉、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上士、调御丈夫、天人师、佛、世尊。'居士,这称为信满足。

什么是戒满足?居士,在此,圣弟子离杀生......离饮酒放逸处。居士,这称为戒满足。

什么是舍满足?居士,在此,圣弟子以离悭垢的心住于家中,乐于布施,慷慨解囊,乐于给予,乐于分享。居士,这称为舍满足。

什么是慧满足?居士,若心被贪欲和不正当的贪婪所征服,则会做不该做的事,不做该做的事。做不该做的事,不做该做的事,则会失去名誉和快乐。若心被嗔恚所征服......若心被昏沉睡眠所征服......若心被掉举恶作所征服......若心被疑惑所征服,则会做不该做的事,不做该做的事。做不该做的事,不做该做的事,则会失去名誉和快乐。

居士,那位圣弟子了知:'贪欲和不正当的贪婪是心的污染',于是断除贪欲和不正当的贪婪这心的污染。了知:'嗔恚是心的污染',于是断除嗔恚这心的污染。了知:'昏沉睡眠是心的污染',于是断除昏沉睡眠这心的污染。了知:'掉举恶作是心的污染',于是断除掉举恶作这心的污染。了知:'疑惑是心的污染',于是断除疑惑这心的污染。

居士,当圣弟子了知'贪欲和不正当的贪婪是心的污染'后,贪欲和不正当的贪婪这心的污染被断除。了知'嗔恚是心的污染'后,嗔恚这心的污染被断除。了知'昏沉睡眠是心的污染'后,昏沉睡眠这心的污染被断除。了知'掉举恶作是心的污染'后,掉举恶作这心的污染被断除。了知'疑惑是心的污染'后,疑惑这心的污染被断除。居士,这称为圣弟子具大慧、广慧、明见、具足慧。居士,这称为慧满足。居士,这四法有助于获得那四种世间所喜爱、可意、适意但难得的法。

居士,那位圣弟子以勤劳努力获得的财富,以双臂的力量积累,以汗水浸湿而得,以正当方法获得的合法财富,应做四种应得业。哪四种?在此,居士,圣弟子以勤劳努力获得的财富,以双臂的力量积累,以汗水浸湿而得,以正当方法获得的合法财富,使自己快乐满足,正当地保持快乐。使父母快乐满足,正当地保持快乐。使妻子儿女、奴仆和工人快乐满足,正当地保持快乐。使朋友和同事快乐满足,正当地保持快乐。这是他的第一种应得业,已达到目的,已适当地使用。

再者,居士,圣弟子以勤劳努力获得的财富,以双臂的力量积累,以汗水浸湿而得,以正当方法获得的合法财富,用来防护由火、水、国王、盗贼或不喜欢的继承人等引起的灾难。这使他安全。这是他的第二种应得业,已达到目的,已适当地使用。

再者,居士,圣弟子以勤劳努力获得的财富,以双臂的力量积累,以汗水浸湿而得,以正当方法获得的合法财富,用来做五种供养:亲族供养、客人供养、祖先供养、国王供养、神祇供养。这是他的第三种应得业,已达到目的,已适当地使用。

再者,居士,圣弟子以勤劳努力获得的财富,以双臂的力量积累,以汗水浸湿而得,以正当方法获得的合法财富,用来供养那些远离陶醉和放逸、安住于忍辱和柔和、调伏自己、平静自己、使自己寂灭的沙门婆罗门,这种布施能带来天界的果报,导向快乐,引向天界。这是他的第四种应得业,已达到目的,已适当地使用。

居士,那位圣弟子以勤劳努力获得的财富,以双臂的力量积累,以汗水浸湿而得,以正当方法获得的合法财富,做这四种应得业。居士,若有人的财富用于这四种应得业以外的地方而耗尽,居士,这被称为财富未达到目的,未适当地使用。居士,若有人的财富用于这四种应得业而耗尽,居士,这被称为财富已达到目的,已适当地使用。"

"我已享用财富,养活了眷属,

度过了灾难,做了殊胜的布施,

做了五种供养,侍奉了持戒修行的人。

智者住家所求的目的,

我已达成,做了无悔的事。

忆念此事的人,安住于圣法,

现世受称赞,来世生天界欢喜。"

62 无债经

这时,给孤独长者来到世尊处。来到后,向世尊礼拜,然后坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的给孤独长者说:

"居士,有四种快乐是在家享受欲乐者应当适时适地获得的。哪四种?所有快乐、受用快乐、无债快乐、无过快乐。

居士,什么是所有快乐?在此,居士,善男子有财富,是以勤劳努力获得的,以双臂的力量积累,以汗水浸湿而得,以正当方法获得的合法财富。他想:'我有财富,是以勤劳努力获得的,以双臂的力量积累,以汗水浸湿而得,以正当方法获得的合法财富',因此获得快乐,获得喜悦。居士,这称为所有快乐。

居士,什么是受用快乐?在此,居士,善男子以勤劳努力获得的财富,以双臂的力量积累,以汗水浸湿而得,以正当方法获得的合法财富来享受和行善。他想:'我以勤劳努力获得的财富,以双臂的力量积累,以汗水浸湿而得,以正当方法获得的合法财富来享受和行善',因此获得快乐,获得喜悦。居士,这称为受用快乐。

居士,什么是无债快乐?在此,居士,善男子不欠任何人任何债,无论多少。他想:'我不欠任何人任何债,无论多少',因此获得快乐,获得喜悦。居士,这称为无债快乐。

居士,什么是无过快乐?在此,居士,圣弟子具足无过的身业,具足无过的语业,具足无过的意业。他想:'我具足无过的身业,具足无过的语业,具足无过的意业',因此获得快乐,获得喜悦。居士,这称为无过快乐。居士,这就是在家享受欲乐者应当适时适地获得的四种快乐。"

"了知无债之乐,以及所有之乐,

享受受用之乐的人,以智慧观察。

观察时他了知,两种快乐中,

无过之乐的十六分之一都比不上。"

63 梵天经

"比丘们,那些家庭中父母受子女在家中尊敬的,可称为有梵天的家庭。比丘们,那些家庭中父母受子女在家中尊敬的,可称为有最初导师的家庭。比丘们,那些家庭中父母受子女在家中尊敬的,可称为有最初神祇的家庭。比丘们,那些家庭中父母受子女在家中尊敬的,可称为值得供养的家庭。

比丘们,'梵天'是父母的同义词。比丘们,'最初导师'是父母的同义词。比丘们,'最初神祇'是父母的同义词。比丘们,'值得供养者'是父母的同义词。为什么?比丘们,父母对子女有大恩,是养育者、哺育者,是这个世界的展示者。"

"父母被称为梵天,被称为最初导师,

值得子女供养,怜悯后代。

因此智者应礼敬他们,尊重他们,

以食物、饮料、衣服、卧具,

以按摩、沐浴、洗脚来侍奉。

智者对父母的这种侍奉,

现世受称赞,来世生天界欢喜。"

巴利语原版经文

(7) 2. Pattakammavaggo

61/ 1. Pattakammasuttaṃ

　　 61. Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ bhagavā etadavoca–

　　 “Cattārome gahapati, dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā dullabhā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Bhogā me uppajjantu sahadhammenāti, ayaṃ paṭhamo dhammo iṭṭho kanto manāpo dullabho lokasmiṃ.

　　 “Bhoge laddhā sahadhammena yaso me āgacchatu saha ñātīhi saha upajjhāyehīti, ayaṃ dutiyo dhammo iṭṭho kanto manāpo dullabho lokasmiṃ.

　　 “Bhoge laddhā sahadhammena yasaṃ laddhā saha ñātīhi saha upajjhāyehi ciraṃ jīvāmi dīghamāyuṃ pālemīti, ayaṃ tatiyo dhammo iṭṭho kanto manāpo dullabho lokasmiṃ.

　　 “Bhoge laddhā sahadhammena yasaṃ laddhā saha ñātīhi saha upajjhāyehi ciraṃ jīvitvā dīghamāyuṃ pāletvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjāmīti, ayaṃ catuttho dhammo iṭṭho kanto manāpo dullabho lokasmiṃ. Ime kho, gahapati, cattāro dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā dullabhā lokasmiṃ.

　　 “Imesaṃ kho, gahapati, catunnaṃ dhammānaṃ iṭṭhānaṃ kantānaṃ manāpānaṃ dullabhānaṃ lokasmiṃ cattāro dhammā paṭilābhāya saṃvattanti. Katame cattāro? Saddhāsampadā, sīlasampadā, cāgasampadā, paññāsampadā.

　　 “Katamā ca, gahapati, saddhāsampadā? Idha, gahapati, ariyasāvako saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ– ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi, satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Ayaṃ vuccati, gahapati, saddhāsampadā.

　　 “Katamā ca, gahapati, sīlasampadā? Idha, gahapati, ariyasāvako pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti …pe… surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, gahapati, sīlasampadā.

　　 “Katamā ca, gahapati, cāgasampadā? Idha, gahapati, ariyasāvako vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati muttacāgo payatapāṇi vosaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato. Ayaṃ vuccati, gahapati, cāgasampadā.

　　 “Katamā ca, gahapati, paññāsampadā? Abhijjhāvisamalobhābhibhūtena gahapati, cetasā viharanto akiccaṃ karoti, kiccaṃ aparādheti. Akiccaṃ karonto kiccaṃ aparādhento yasā ca sukhā ca dhaṃsati. Byāpādābhibhūtena, gahapati, cetasā viharanto akiccaṃ karoti, kiccaṃ aparādheti. Akiccaṃ karonto kiccaṃ aparādhento yasā ca sukhā ca dhaṃsati. Thinamiddhābhibhūtena, gahapati, cetasā viharanto akiccaṃ karoti kiccaṃ aparādheti. Akiccaṃ karonto kiccaṃ aparādhento yasā ca sukhā ca dhaṃsati. Uddhaccakukkuccābhibhūtena, gahapati, cetasā viharanto akiccaṃ karoti, kiccaṃ aparādheti. Akiccaṃ karonto kiccaṃ aparādhento yasā ca sukhā ca dhaṃsati. Vicikicchābhibhūtena, gahapati, cetasā viharanto akiccaṃ karoti, kiccaṃ aparādheti. Akiccaṃ karonto kiccaṃ aparādhento yasā ca sukhā ca dhaṃsati.

　　 “Sa kho so, gahapati, ariyasāvako abhijjhāvisamalobho cittassa upakkilesoti, iti viditvā abhijjhāvisamalobhaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati. Byāpādo cittassa upakkilesoti, iti viditvā byāpādaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati. Thinamiddhaṃ cittassa upakkilesoti, iti viditvā thinamiddhaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati. Uddhaccakukkuccaṃ cittassa upakkilesoti, iti viditvā uddhaccakukkuccaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati. Vicikicchā cittassa upakkilesoti, iti viditvā vicikicchaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati.

　　 “Yato ca kho, gahapati, ariyasāvakassa abhijjhāvisamalobho cittassa upakkilesoti, iti viditvā abhijjhāvisamalobho cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti. Byāpādo cittassa upakkilesoti, iti viditvā byāpādo cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti. Thinamiddhaṃ cittassa upakkilesoti, iti viditvā thinamiddhaṃ cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti. Uddhaccakukkuccaṃ cittassa upakkilesoti, iti viditvā uddhaccakukkuccaṃ cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti. Vicikicchā cittassa upakkilesoti, iti viditvā vicikicchā cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, gahapati, ariyasāvako mahāpañño puthupañño āpātadaso paññāsampanno. Ayaṃ vuccati, gahapati paññāsampadā. Imesaṃ kho, gahapati, catunnaṃ dhammānaṃ iṭṭhānaṃ kantānaṃ manāpānaṃ dullabhānaṃ lokasmiṃ ime cattāro dhammā paṭilābhāya saṃvattanti.

　　 “Sa kho so, gahapati, ariyasāvako uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi cattāri pattakammāni kattā hoti. Katamāni cattāri? Idha gahapati, ariyasāvako uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti sammā sukhaṃ pariharati. Mātāpitaro sukheti pīṇeti sammā sukhaṃ pariharati. Puttadāradāsakammakaraporise sukheti pīṇeti sammā sukhaṃ pariharati. Mittāmacce sukheti pīṇeti sammā sukhaṃ pariharati. Idamassa paṭhamaṃ ṭhānagataṃ hoti pattagataṃ āyatanaso paribhuttaṃ.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, ariyasāvako uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi yā tā honti āpadā aggito vā udakato vā rājato vā corato vā appiyato vā dāyādato, tathārūpāsu āpadāsu pariyodhāya saṃvattati. Sotthiṃ attānaṃ karoti. Idamassa dutiyaṃ ṭhānagataṃ hoti pattagataṃ āyatanaso paribhuttaṃ.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, ariyasāvako uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi pañcabaliṃ kattā hoti– ñātibaliṃ, atithibaliṃ, pubbapetabaliṃ, rājabaliṃ, devatābaliṃ. Idamassa tatiyaṃ ṭhānagataṃ hoti pattagataṃ āyatanaso paribhuttaṃ.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, ariyasāvako uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā madappamādā paṭiviratā khantisoracce niviṭṭhā ekamattānaṃ damenti, ekamattānaṃ samenti, ekamattānaṃ parinibbāpenti, tathārūpesu samaṇabrāhmaṇesu uddhaggikaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti sovaggikaṃ sukhavipākaṃ saggasaṃvattanikaṃ Idamassa catutthaṃ ṭhānagataṃ hoti pattagataṃ āyatanaso paribhuttaṃ.

　　 “Sa kho so, gahapati, ariyasāvako uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi imāni cattāri pattakammāni kattā hoti. Yassa kassaci, gahapati, aññatra imehi catūhi pattakammehi bhogā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ime vuccanti, gahapati, bhogā aṭṭhānagatā apattagatā anāyatanaso paribhuttā. Yassa kassaci, gahapati, imehi catūhi pattakammehi bhogā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ime vuccanti, gahapati, bhogā ṭhānagatā pattagatā āyatanaso paribhuttā”ti.

　　“Bhuttā bhogā bhatā bhaccā, vitiṇṇā āpadāsu me;

　　Uddhaggā dakkhiṇā dinnā, atho pañcabalī katā.

　　Upaṭṭhitā sīlavanto, saññatā brahmacārayo.

　　“Yadatthaṃ bhogaṃ iccheyya, paṇḍito gharamāvasaṃ;

　　So me attho anuppatto, kataṃ ananutāpiyaṃ.

　　“Etaṃ anussaraṃ macco, ariyadhamme ṭhito naro;

　　Idheva naṃ pasaṃsanti, pecca sagge pamodatī”ti. Paṭhamaṃ.

62/ 2. Ānaṇyasuttaṃ

　　 62. Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ bhagavā etadavoca–

　　 “Cattārimāni, gahapati, sukhāni adhigamanīyāni gihinā kāmabhoginā kālena kālaṃ samayena samayaṃ upādāya. Katamāni cattāri? Atthisukhaṃ, bhogasukhaṃ, ānaṇyasukhaṃ, anavajjasukhaṃ.

　　 “Katamañca, gahapati, atthisukhaṃ? Idha, gahapati, kulaputtassa bhogā honti uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatā bāhābalaparicitā sedāvakkhittā dhammikā dhammaladdhā So ‘bhogā me atthi uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatā bāhābalaparicitā sedāvakkhittā dhammikā dhammaladdhā’ti adhigacchati sukhaṃ, adhigacchati somanassaṃ. Idaṃ vuccati, gahapati, atthisukhaṃ.

　　 “Katamañca, gahapati, bhogasukhaṃ? Idha, gahapati, kulaputto uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi paribhuñjati puññāni ca karoti. So ‘uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi paribhuñjāmi puññāni ca karomī’ti adhigacchati sukhaṃ, adhigacchati somanassaṃ. Idaṃ vuccati, gahapati, bhogasukhaṃ

　　 “Katamañca, gahapati, ānaṇyasukhaṃ? Idha, gahapati, kulaputto na kassaci kiñci dhāreti appaṃ vā bahuṃ vā. So ‘na kassaci kiñci dhāremi appaṃ vā bahuṃ vā’ti adhigacchati sukhaṃ, adhigacchati somanassaṃ. Idaṃ vuccati, gahapati, ānaṇyasukhaṃ.

　　 “Katamañca, gahapati, anavajjasukhaṃ? Idha, gahapati, ariyasāvako anavajjena kāyakammena samannāgato hoti, anavajjena vacīkammena samannāgato hoti, anavajjena manokammena samannāgato hoti. So ‘anavajjenamhi kāyakammena samannāgato, anavajjena vacīkammena samannāgato, anavajjena manokammena samannāgato’ti adhigacchati sukhaṃ, adhigacchati somanassaṃ. Idaṃ vuccati, gahapati, anavajjasukhaṃ. Imāni kho, gahapati, cattāri sukhāni adhigamanīyāni gihinā kāmabhoginā kālena kālaṃ samayena samayaṃ upādāyā”ti.

　　“Ānaṇyasukhaṃ ñatvāna, atho atthisukhaṃ paraṃ;

　　Bhuñjaṃ bhogasukhaṃ macco, tato paññā vipassati.

　　“Vipassamāno jānāti, ubho bhoge sumedhaso;

　　Anavajjasukhassetaṃ, kalaṃ nāgghati soḷasin”ti. Dutiyaṃ.

63/ 3. Brahmasuttaṃ

　　 63. “Sabrahmakāni, bhikkhave, tāni kulāni yesaṃ puttānaṃ mātāpitaro ajjhāgāre pūjitā honti. Sapubbācariyakāni, bhikkhave, tāni kulāni yesaṃ puttānaṃ mātāpitaro ajjhāgāre pūjitā honti. Sapubbadevatāni, bhikkhave, tāni kulāni yesaṃ puttānaṃ mātāpitaro ajjhāgāre pūjitā honti. Sāhuneyyakāni, bhikkhave, tāni kulāni yesaṃ puttānaṃ mātāpitaro ajjhāgāre pūjitā honti.

　　 “Brahmāti, bhikkhave, mātāpitūnaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Pubbācariyāti, bhikkhave, mātāpitūnaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Pubbadevatāti, bhikkhave, mātāpitūnaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Āhuneyyāti, bhikkhave, mātāpitūnaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Bahukārā, bhikkhave, mātāpitaro, puttānaṃ āpādakā posakā imassa lokassa dassetāro”ti.

　　“Brahmāti mātāpitaro, pubbācariyāti vuccare;

　　Āhuneyyā ca puttānaṃ, pajāya anukampakā.

　　“Tasmā hi ne namasseyya, sakkareyya ca paṇḍito;

　　Annena atha pānena, vatthena sayanena ca.

　　Ucchādanena nhāpanena, pādānaṃ dhovanena ca.

　　“Tāya naṃ pāricariyāya, mātāpitūsu paṇḍitā;

　　Idheva naṃ pasaṃsanti, pecca sagge pamodatī”ti. Tatiyaṃ.