增支部4集49经到51经

49 颠倒经

"比丘们,有四种想颠倒、心颠倒、见颠倒。哪四种?比丘们,于无常认为常,这是想颠倒、心颠倒、见颠倒;于苦认为乐,这是想颠倒、心颠倒、见颠倒;于无我认为有我,这是想颠倒、心颠倒、见颠倒;于不净认为净,这是想颠倒、心颠倒、见颠倒。比丘们,这就是四种想颠倒、心颠倒、见颠倒。

"比丘们,有四种非想颠倒、非心颠倒、非见颠倒。哪四种?比丘们,于无常认为无常,这是非想颠倒、非心颠倒、非见颠倒;于苦认为苦,这是非想颠倒、非心颠倒、非见颠倒;于无我认为无我,这是非想颠倒、非心颠倒、非见颠倒;于不净认为不净,这是非想颠倒、非心颠倒、非见颠倒。比丘们,这就是四种非想颠倒、非心颠倒、非见颠倒。"

"于无常认为常,于苦认为乐,

于无我认为我,于不净认为净。

众生为邪见所害,心散乱失去正念。

他们被魔罗束缚,不得解脱安稳。

众生轮回生死中,不断往来。

当诸佛出现于世,如光明照耀,

他们宣说此法,引导众生止息苦恼。

智者听闻此法,恢复正念,

见无常为无常,见苦为苦。

见无我为无我,见不净为不净,

具足正见,超越一切苦。"

50 污染经

"比丘们,日月有四种污染,被这些污染所污染时,日月不能照耀、发光、闪耀。哪四种?比丘们,云是日月的污染,被这种污染所污染时,日月不能照耀、发光、闪耀。

"比丘们,雾是日月的污染,被这种污染所污染时,日月不能照耀、发光、闪耀。

"比丘们,烟尘是日月的污染,被这种污染所污染时,日月不能照耀、发光、闪耀。

"比丘们,阿修罗王罗睺是日月的污染,被这种污染所污染时,日月不能照耀、发光、闪耀。比丘们,这就是日月的四种污染,被这些污染所污染时,日月不能照耀、发光、闪耀。

"同样地,比丘们,沙门婆罗门有四种污染,被这些污染所污染时,某些沙门婆罗门不能照耀、发光、闪耀。哪四种?比丘们,有些沙门婆罗门饮酒,不戒除饮酒。比丘们,这是沙门婆罗门的第一种污染,被这种污染所污染时,某些沙门婆罗门不能照耀、发光、闪耀。

"比丘们,有些沙门婆罗门行淫,不戒除淫欲。比丘们,这是沙门婆罗门的第二种污染,被这种污染所污染时,某些沙门婆罗门不能照耀、发光、闪耀。

"比丘们,有些沙门婆罗门接受金银,不戒除接受金银。比丘们,这是沙门婆罗门的第三种污染,被这种污染所污染时,某些沙门婆罗门不能照耀、发光、闪耀。

"比丘们,有些沙门婆罗门以邪命为生,不戒除邪命。比丘们,这是沙门婆罗门的第四种污染,被这种污染所污染时,某些沙门婆罗门不能照耀、发光、闪耀。比丘们,这就是沙门婆罗门的四种污染,被这些污染所污染时,某些沙门婆罗门不能照耀、发光、闪耀。"

"某些沙门婆罗门,被贪嗔所污染;

被无明所蒙蔽,喜爱可爱之物。

他们饮酒行淫,接受金银,

愚昧无知,以邪命为生。

这些污染已被佛陀所说,

日种亲族的佛陀。

被这些污染所污染,

某些沙门婆罗门不能照耀发光,不清净,有垢秽,迷失。

被黑暗所覆盖,为渴爱所奴役,牵引,

他们增长可怕的苦聚,不断投生。"

51 第一福德流经

舍卫城因缘。"比丘们,有四种福德流、善德流,是快乐的食粮,天界的,结果快乐,导向天界,能带来可爱、可意、可喜、有益、快乐的结果。哪四种?比丘们,当比丘受用衣服时,进入无量心定而住,他的福德流、善德流无量,是快乐的食粮,天界的,结果快乐,导向天界,能带来可爱、可意、可喜、有益、快乐的结果。

"比丘们,当比丘受用饮食时,进入无量心定而住,他的福德流、善德流无量,是快乐的食粮,天界的,结果快乐,导向天界,能带来可爱、可意、可喜、有益、快乐的结果。

"比丘们,当比丘受用住处时,进入无量心定而住,他的福德流、善德流无量,是快乐的食粮,天界的,结果快乐,导向天界,能带来可爱、可意、可喜、有益、快乐的结果。

"比丘们,当比丘受用医药时,进入无量心定而住,他的福德流、善德流无量,是快乐的食粮,天界的,结果快乐,导向天界,能带来可爱、可意、可喜、有益、快乐的结果。比丘们,这就是四种福德流、善德流,是快乐的食粮,天界的,结果快乐,导向天界,能带来可爱、可意、可喜、有益、快乐的结果。

"比丘们,具足这四种福德流、善德流的圣弟子,其福德不易计量,说:'如此多的福德流、善德流,是快乐的食粮,天界的,结果快乐,导向天界,能带来可爱、可意、可喜、有益、快乐的结果。'而应说是无量无数的大福德聚。

"比丘们,就像大海的水不易计量,说:'有多少升水,有多少百升水,有多少千升水,有多少百千升水',而应说是无量无数的大水聚。同样地,比丘们,具足这四种福德流、善德流的圣弟子,其福德不易计量,说:'如此多的福德流、善德流,是快乐的食粮,天界的,结果快乐,导向天界,能带来可爱、可意、可喜、有益、快乐的结果。'而应说是无量无数的大福德聚。"

"如同无量的大海,广阔的大水,

可怕的,珍宝的居处,

众多的河流为人所依赖,

汇流而入于大海。

同样地,布施食物、饮料、衣服的人,

提供卧具、座位、被褥的施主,

福德之流汇入智者,

如众河流入大海。"

巴利语原版经文

49/ 9. Vipallāsasuttaṃ

　　 49. “Cattārome bhikkhave, saññāvipallāsā cittavipallāsā diṭṭhivipallāsā Katame cattāro? Anicce, bhikkhave, niccanti saññāvipallāso cittavipallāso diṭṭhivipallāso; dukkhe, bhikkhave, sukhanti saññāvipallāso cittavipallāso diṭṭhivipallāso; anattani, bhikkhave, attāti saññāvipallāso cittavipallāso diṭṭhivipallāso; asubhe, bhikkhave, subhanti saññāvipallāso cittavipallāso diṭṭhivipallāso. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro saññāvipallāsā cittavipallāsā diṭṭhivipallāsā.

　　 “Cattārome, bhikkhave, nasaññāvipallāsā nacittavipallāsā nadiṭṭhivipallāsā. Katame cattāro? Anicce, bhikkhave, aniccanti nasaññāvipallāso nacittavipallāso nadiṭṭhivipallāso; dukkhe, bhikkhave, dukkhanti nasaññāvipallāso nacittavipallāso nadiṭṭhivipallāso; anattani, bhikkhave, anattāti nasaññāvipallāso nacittavipallāso nadiṭṭhivipallāso; asubhe, bhikkhave, asubhanti nasaññāvipallāso nacittavipallāso nadiṭṭhivipallāso Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro nasaññāvipallāsā nacittavipallāsā nadiṭṭhivipallāsā”ti.

　　“Anicce niccasaññino, dukkhe ca sukhasaññino;

　　Anattani ca attāti, asubhe subhasaññino.

　　Micchādiṭṭhihatā sattā, khittacittā visaññino.

　　“Te yogayuttā mārassa, ayogakkhemino janā;

　　Sattā gacchanti saṃsāraṃ, jātimaraṇagāmino.

　　“Yadā ca buddhā lokasmiṃ, uppajjanti pabhaṅkarā;

　　Te imaṃ dhammaṃ pakāsenti, dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ.

　　“Tesaṃ sutvāna sappaññā, sacittaṃ paccaladdhā te;

　　Aniccaṃ aniccato dakkhuṃ, dukkhamaddakkhu dukkhato.

　　“Anattani anattāti, asubhaṃ asubhataddasuṃ;

　　Sammādiṭṭhisamādānā, sabbaṃ dukkhaṃ upaccagun”ti. Navamaṃ.

50/ 10. Upakkilesasuttaṃ

　　 50. “Cattārome bhikkhave, candimasūriyānaṃ upakkilesā, yehi upakkilesehi upakkiliṭṭhā candimasūriyā na tapanti na bhāsanti na virocanti. Katame cattāro? Abbhā, bhikkhave, candimasūriyānaṃ upakkilesā, yena upakkilesena upakkiliṭṭhā candimasūriyā na tapanti na bhāsanti na virocanti.

　　 “Mahikā, bhikkhave, candimasūriyānaṃ upakkilesā, yena upakkilesena upakkiliṭṭhā candimasūriyā na tapanti na bhāsanti na virocanti.

　　 “Dhūmo rajo, bhikkhave, candimasūriyānaṃ upakkileso, yena upakkilesena upakkiliṭṭhā candimasūriyā na tapanti na bhāsanti na virocanti.

　　 “Rāhu bhikkhave, asurindo candimasūriyānaṃ upakkileso, yena upakkilesena upakkiliṭṭhā candimasūriyā na tapanti na bhāsanti na virocanti. Ime kho bhikkhave, cattāro candimasūriyānaṃ upakkilesā, yehi upakkilesehi upakkiliṭṭhā candimasūriyā na tapanti na bhāsanti na virocanti.

　　 “Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, cattārome samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ upakkilesā, yehi upakkilesehi upakkiliṭṭhā eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā na tapanti na bhāsanti na virocanti. Katame cattāro? Santi, bhikkhave eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā suraṃ pivanti merayaṃ, surāmerayapānā appaṭiviratā. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ upakkileso, yena upakkilesena upakkiliṭṭhā eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā na tapanti na bhāsanti na virocanti.

　　 “Santi, bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevanti, methunasmā dhammā appaṭiviratā. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyo samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ upakkileso, yena upakkilesena upakkiliṭṭhā eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā na tapanti na bhāsanti na virocanti.

　　 “Santi, bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā jātarūparajataṃ sādiyanti, jātarūparajatapaṭiggahaṇā appaṭiviratā. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyo samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ upakkileso, yena upakkilesena upakkiliṭṭhā eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā na tapanti na bhāsanti na virocanti.

　　 “Santi, bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā micchājīvena jīvanti, micchājīvā appaṭiviratā. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, catuttho samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ upakkileso, yena upakkilesena upakkiliṭṭhā eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā na tapanti na bhāsanti na virocanti. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ upakkilesā yehi upakkilesehi upakkiliṭṭhā eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā na tapanti na bhāsanti na virocantī”ti.

　　“Rāgadosaparikkiṭṭhā, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā;

　　Avijjānivutā posā, piyarūpābhinandino.

　　“Suraṃ pivanti merayaṃ, paṭisevanti methunaṃ;

　　Rajataṃ jātarūpañca, sādiyanti aviddasū.

　　Micchājīvena jīvanti, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā.

　　“Ete upakkilesā vuttā, buddhenādiccabandhunā;

　　Yehi upakkilesehi, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā.

　　Na tapanti na bhāsanti, asuddhā sarajā magā.

　　“Andhakārena onaddhā, taṇhādāsā sanettikā;

　　Vaḍḍhenti kaṭasiṃ ghoraṃ, ādiyanti punabbhavan”ti. Dasamaṃ.

　　 Rohitassavaggo pañcamo.

　　 Tassuddānaṃ–

　　 Samādhipañhā dve kodhā, rohitassāpare duve;

　　 Suvidūravisākhavipallāsā, upakkilesena te dasāti.

　　 Paṭhamapaṇṇāsakaṃ samattaṃ.

2. Dutiyapaṇṇāsakaṃ

(6) 1. Puññābhisandavaggo

51/ 1. Paṭhamapuññābhisandasuttaṃ

　　 51. Sāvatthinidānaṃ Cattārome bhikkhave, puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā sovaggikā sukhavipākā saggasaṃvattanikā iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattanti. Katame cattāro? Yassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cīvaraṃ paribhuñjamāno appamāṇaṃ cetosamādhiṃ upasampajja viharati, appamāṇo tassa puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati.

　　 “Yassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhu piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjamāno appamāṇaṃ cetosamādhiṃ upasampajja viharati, appamāṇo tassa puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati.

　　 “Yassa bhikkhave, bhikkhu senāsanaṃ paribhuñjamāno appamāṇaṃ cetosamādhiṃ upasampajja viharati, appamāṇo tassa puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati.

　　 “Yassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ paribhuñjamāno appamāṇaṃ cetosamādhiṃ upasampajja viharati, appamāṇo tassa puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā sovaggikā sukhavipākā saggasaṃvattanikā iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattanti.

　　 “Imehi ca pana, bhikkhave, catūhi puññābhisandehi kusalābhisandehi samannāgatassa ariyasāvakassa na sukaraṃ puññassa pamāṇaṃ gahetuṃ – ‘ettako puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattatī’ti. Atha kho asaṅkhyeyyo appameyyo mahāpuññakkhandhotveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati.

　　 “Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde na sukaraṃ udakassa pamāṇaṃ gahetuṃ– ‘ettakāni udakāḷhakānīti vā, ettakāni udakāḷhakasatānīti vā, ettakāni udakāḷhakasahassānīti vā, ettakāni udakāḷhakasatasahassānīti vā’, atha kho asaṅkhyeyyo appameyyo mahā-udakakkhandhotveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, imehi catūhi puññābhisandehi kusalābhisandehi samannāgatassa ariyasāvakassa na sukaraṃ puññassa pamāṇaṃ gahetuṃ– ‘ettako puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattatī’ti. Atha kho asaṅkhyeyyo appameyyo mahāpuññakkhandhotveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchatī”ti.

　　“Mahodadhiṃ aparimitaṃ mahāsaraṃ,

　　Bahubheravaṃ ratanavarānamālayaṃ.

　　Najjo yathā naragaṇasaṅghasevitā,

　　Puthū savantī upayanti sāgaraṃ.

　　“Evaṃ naraṃ annadapānavatthadaṃ,

　　Seyyānisajjattharaṇassa dāyakaṃ.

　　Puññassa dhārā upayanti paṇḍitaṃ,

　　Najjo yathā vārivahāva sāgaran”ti. Paṭhamaṃ.