增支部4集36经到38经

36  多纳经

有一次,世尊在乌卡塔和塞塔比亚之间的大路上行走。婆罗门多纳也在乌卡塔和塞塔比亚之间的大路上行走。多纳婆罗门看到世尊脚下有千辐轮相,有轮毂和轮辋,各种特征都很完美。看到这些,他想:"真是奇妙啊!真是不可思议啊!这些脚印一定不是人类的!"

然后世尊离开大路,来到一棵树下,结跏趺坐,保持身体挺直,建立正念。多纳婆罗门跟随世尊的脚印,看到世尊坐在树下,庄严可敬,诸根寂静,内心平和,达到最高的自制和宁静,调伏自己,守护诸根,如同一头大象。看到这一幕,他走近世尊,对世尊说:

"尊者是天神吗?"

"婆罗门,我不是天神。"

"尊者是乾闼婆吗?"

"婆罗门,我不是乾闼婆。"

"尊者是夜叉吗?"

"婆罗门,我不是夜叉。"

"尊者是人类吗?"

"婆罗门,我不是人类。"

"当我问'尊者是天神吗?'时,你回答说'婆罗门,我不是天神'。当我问'尊者是乾闼婆吗?'时,你回答说'婆罗门,我不是乾闼婆'。当我问'尊者是夜叉吗?'时,你回答说'婆罗门,我不是夜叉'。当我问'尊者是人类吗?'时,你回答说'婆罗门,我不是人类'。那么,尊者到底是什么?"

"婆罗门,如果我还有那些使我成为天神的烦恼未断,我就会成为天神,但是那些烦恼已经被我断除,根除,如同砍倒的棕榈树,不复存在,将来不会再生。如果我还有那些使我成为乾闼婆的烦恼未断...使我成为夜叉的烦恼未断...使我成为人类的烦恼未断,我就会成为乾闼婆...夜叉...人类,但是那些烦恼已经被我断除,根除,如同砍倒的棕榈树,不复存在,将来不会再生。

婆罗门,就像一朵青莲花、红莲花或白莲花生长在水中,长在水中,超出水面而不被水沾湿。同样地,婆罗门,我生于世间,长于世间,但已超越世间而住,不被世间所染。婆罗门,你应当记住我是佛陀。"

"那些使我成为天神、

或飞翔的乾闼婆、

或成为夜叉、人类的烦恼,

对我来说已经断尽、摧毁、根除。

如同美丽的白莲花不被水沾。

我不被世间所染,

因此,婆罗门,我是佛陀。"

第六经完。

37 不退转经

"比丘们,具备四法的比丘不可能退转,他已接近涅槃。是哪四法?在此,比丘们,比丘具足戒行,守护诸根门,饮食知量,专注警寤。

"比丘们,什么是比丘具足戒行?在此,比丘们,比丘持戒,遵守波罗提木叉的约束,具足正行与行处,对微细的过失也见到危险,受持学处而学习。比丘们,这就是比丘具足戒行。

"比丘们,什么是比丘守护诸根门?在此,比丘们,比丘以眼见色时不取相,不取细相。因为如果他住于不防护眼根,贪、忧等恶不善法就会流入,他为了防护而修习,保护眼根,成就眼根的防护。以耳闻声时...以鼻嗅香时...以舌尝味时...以身触所触时...以意知法时不取相,不取细相。因为如果他住于不防护意根,贪、忧等恶不善法就会流入,他为了防护而修习,保护意根,成就意根的防护。比丘们,这就是比丘守护诸根门。

"比丘们,什么是比丘饮食知量?在此,比丘们,比丘如理思惟而食用食物:'不为嬉戏,不为骄慢,不为装饰,不为庄严,只是为了这个身体的存续、维持,为了止息伤害,为了资助梵行。如此我将消除旧的感受,不生起新的感受,我将维持生命,无过且安住。'比丘们,这就是比丘饮食知量。

"比丘们,什么是比丘专注警寤?在此,比丘们,比丘在白天经行、静坐,净化心中的障碍法;在夜晚初夜经行、静坐,净化心中的障碍法;在夜晚中夜右胁而卧,如狮子卧,一足叠一足,具念正知,心中记住起身之想;在夜晚后夜起身,经行、静坐,净化心中的障碍法。比丘们,这就是比丘专注警寤。

比丘们,具备这四法的比丘不可能退转,他已接近涅槃。"

"安住于戒律的比丘,守护诸根,

饮食知量,专注警寤。

如此精进不懈,日夜勤修,

修习善法,为达解脱。

喜爱不放逸的比丘,视放逸为畏惧,

不可能退转,已接近涅槃。"

第七经完。

38  隐退经

"比丘们,一位比丘'已舍弃个人真理,已平息诸求,身行已轻安,隐退'被称为隐退者。

比丘们,什么是比丘已舍弃个人真理?在此,比丘们,比丘对于各种沙门婆罗门的个人真理,如'世界是常'或'世界非常','世界有边'或'世界无边','命即是身'或'命异身异','如来死后存在'或'如来死后不存在','如来死后亦存在亦不存在'或'如来死后既非存在亦非不存在'等,所有这些都已被他抛弃、舍离、吐出、放下、断除、远离。比丘们,这就是比丘已舍弃个人真理。

比丘们,什么是比丘已平息诸求?在此,比丘们,比丘已断除欲求,已断除有求,梵行求已平息。比丘们,这就是比丘已平息诸求。

比丘们,什么是比丘身行已轻安?在此,比丘们,比丘舍乐离苦,先前的喜忧已灭,不苦不乐,舍念清净,证得并安住于第四禅。比丘们,这就是比丘身行已轻安。

比丘们,什么是比丘隐退?在此,比丘们,比丘的我慢已断除,根除,如同砍倒的棕榈树,不复存在,将来不会再生。比丘们,这就是比丘隐退。

比丘们,一位比丘'已舍弃个人真理,已平息诸求,身行已轻安,隐退'被称为隐退者。"

"欲求、有求与梵行求,

以及执着真理的见,

对于离一切贪欲、

灭尽渴爱而解脱者,

诸求已舍,见执已除。

他实是寂静、正念的比丘,

轻安、不败,

通过我慢的止息而觉悟,

被称为隐退者。"

第八经完。

巴利语原版经文

36/ 6. Doṇasuttaṃ

　　 36. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā antarā ca ukkaṭṭhaṃ antarā ca setabyaṃ addhānamaggappaṭipanno hoti. Doṇopi sudaṃ brāhmaṇo antarā ca ukkaṭṭhaṃ antarā ca setabyaṃ addhānamaggappaṭipanno hoti. Addasā kho doṇo brāhmaṇo bhagavato pādesu cakkāni sahassārāni sanemikāni sanābhikāni sabbākāraparipūrāni; disvānassa etadahosi– “acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho! Na vatimāni manussabhūtassa padāni bhavissantī”ti!! Atha kho bhagavā maggā okkamma aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. Atha kho doṇo brāhmaṇo bhagavato padāni anugacchanto addasa bhagavantaṃ aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisinnaṃ pāsādikaṃ pasādanīyaṃ santindriyaṃ santamānasaṃ uttamadamathasamathamanuppattaṃ dantaṃ guttaṃ saṃyatindriyaṃ nāgaṃ. Disvāna yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –

　　 “Devo no bhavaṃ bhavissatī”ti? “Na kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, devo bhavissāmī”ti. “Gandhabbo no bhavaṃ bhavissatī”ti? “Na kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, gandhabbo bhavissāmī”ti. “Yakkho no bhavaṃ bhavissatī”ti? “Na kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, yakkho bhavissāmī”ti. “Manusso no bhavaṃ bhavissatī”ti? “Na kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, manusso bhavissāmī”ti.

　　 “‘Devo no bhavaṃ bhavissatī’ti, iti puṭṭho samāno– ‘na kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, devo bhavissāmī’ti vadesi. ‘Gandhabbo no bhavaṃ bhavissatī’ti, iti puṭṭho samāno– ‘na kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, gandhabbo bhavissāmī’ti vadesi. ‘Yakkho no bhavaṃ bhavissatī’ti, iti puṭṭho samāno– ‘na kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, yakkho bhavissāmī’ti vadesi. ‘Manusso no bhavaṃ bhavissatī’ti, iti puṭṭho samāno– ‘na kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, manusso bhavissāmī’ti vadesi. Atha ko carahi bhavaṃ bhavissatī”ti?

　　 “Yesaṃ kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, āsavānaṃ appahīnattā devo bhaveyyaṃ, te me āsavā pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṃkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā. Yesaṃ kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, āsavānaṃ appahīnattā gandhabbo bhaveyyaṃ… yakkho bhaveyyaṃ… manusso bhaveyyaṃ, te me āsavā pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṃkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā. Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, uppalaṃ vā padumaṃ vā puṇḍarīkaṃ vā udake jātaṃ udake saṃvaḍḍhaṃ udakā accuggamma tiṭṭhati anupalittaṃ udakena; evamevaṃ kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, loke jāto loke saṃvaḍḍho lokaṃ abhibhuyya viharāmi anupalitto lokena. Buddhoti maṃ, brāhmaṇa, dhārehī”ti.

　　“Yena devūpapatyassa, gandhabbo vā vihaṅgamo;

　　Yakkhattaṃ yena gaccheyyaṃ, manussattañca abbaje.

　　Te mayhaṃ, āsavā khīṇā, viddhastā vinaḷīkatā.

　　“Puṇḍarīkaṃ yathā vaggu, toyena nupalippati.

　　Nupalippāmi lokena, tasmā buddhosmi brāhmaṇā”ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.

37/ 7. Aparihāniyasuttaṃ

　　 37. “Catūhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu abhabbo parihānāya nibbānasseva santike. Katamehi catūhi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti, indriyesu guttadvāro hoti, bhojane mattaññū hoti, jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu indriyesu guttadvāro hoti Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ; cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ manindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati manindriyaṃ; manindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu indriyesu guttadvāro hoti.

　　 “Kathañca bhikkhave, bhikkhu bhojane mattaññū hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso āhāraṃ āhāreti– ‘neva davāya na madāya na maṇḍanāya na vibhūsanāya; yāvadeva imassa kāyassa ṭhitiyā yāpanāya vihiṃsūparatiyā brahmacariyānuggahāya. Iti purāṇañca vedanaṃ paṭihaṅkhāmi, navañca vedanaṃ na uppādessāmi, yātrā ca me bhavissati, anavajjatā ca phāsuvihāro cā’ti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu bhojane mattaññū hoti.

　　 “Kathañca bhikkhave, bhikkhu jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu divasaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheti; rattiyā paṭhamaṃ yāmaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheti; rattiyā majjhimaṃ yāmaṃ dakkhiṇena passena sīhaseyyaṃ kappeti pāde pādaṃ accādhāya, sato sampajāno uṭṭhānasaññaṃ manasi karitvā; rattiyā pacchimaṃ yāmaṃ paccuṭṭhāya caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu abhabbo parihānāya, nibbānasseva santiketi.

　　“Sīle patiṭṭhito bhikkhu, indriyesu ca saṃvuto;

　　Bhojanamhi ca mattaññū, jāgariyaṃ anuyuñjati.

　　“Evaṃ vihārī ātāpī, ahorattamatandito;

　　Bhāvayaṃ kusalaṃ dhammaṃ, yogakkhemassa pattiyā.

　　“Appamādarato bhikkhu, pamāde bhayadassi vā;

　　Abhabbo parihānāya, nibbānasseva santike”ti. Sattamaṃ.

38/ 8. Patilīnasuttaṃ

　　 38. “Panuṇṇapaccekasacco, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘samavayasaṭṭhesano passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro patilīno’ti vuccati. Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu panuṇṇapaccekasacco hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno yāni tāni puthusamaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ puthupaccekasaccāni, seyyathidaṃ– sassato lokoti vā, asassato lokoti vā, antavā lokoti vā, anantavā lokoti vā, taṃ jīvaṃ taṃ sarīranti vā, aññaṃ jīvaṃ aññaṃ sarīranti vā, hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇāti vā, na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇāti vā, hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇāti vā, neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇāti vā; sabbāni tāni nuṇṇāni honti panuṇṇāni cattāni vantāni muttāni pahīnāni paṭinissaṭṭhāni. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu panuṇṇapaccekasacco hoti.

　　 “Kathañca bhikkhave, bhikkhu samavayasaṭṭhesano hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno kāmesanā pahīnā hoti, bhavesanā pahīnā hoti, brahmacariyesanā paṭippassaddhā. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu samavayasaṭṭhesano hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu patilīno hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno asmimāno pahīno hoti ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṃkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu patilīno hoti. Panuṇṇapacceka-sacco, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘samavayasaṭṭhesano passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro patilīno’ti vuccatī”ti.

　　“Kāmesanā bhavesanā, brahmacariyesanā saha.

　　Iti saccaparāmāso, diṭṭhiṭṭhānā samussayā.

　　“Sabbarāgavirattassa, taṇhakkhayavimuttino;

　　Esanā paṭinissaṭṭhā, diṭṭhiṭṭhānā samūhatā.

　　“Sa ve santo sato bhikkhu, passaddho aparājito;

　　Mānābhisamayā buddho, patilīnoti vuccatī”ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.